Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2008-0387 13 0 2020 08 25 641 641 EN Alireza Salehi Associate Professor, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Hourieh Afsharipur Researcher, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Hossein Molavi Vardanjani Assistant Professor, MPH Department, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Mina Vojoud Researcher, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Leila Bazrafkan Assistant Professor, Medical Education Department, Medical Education Development Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mohammad Hossein Sharifi Assistant Professor, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2019 09 24 2020 08 25 Attention to the history of medicine (HM) has been increasing enormously among the scientific community. History of Culture and Civilization of Iran and Islam (HCCII) is taught in medical schools as a required course. However, data on medical students' level of knowledge and attitude about HM is limited. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2016 and 2017. A multi-stage random cluster sampling was done in which 230 medical students were asked to fill a standardized self-administered questionnaire. Univariate statistical tests and ordinary multivariable linear regression were applied. Medical students' knowledge level was 50.8%, which is considered fair and weak. Interestingly, the knowledge score of those who attended only in HCCII course did not differ significantly from those who did not attend this course (P = 0.163). The results showed that knowledge scores were considerably greater in those who participated in related volunteer workshops than those who did not (P = 0.0001). The mean score of attitude toward HM was significantly higher in female subjects than male subjects (P = 0.028). Moreover, data indicated that attendance at the HCCII course and workshops was not associated with improvement in attitude. According to the outcomes, the authors recommend revising the content, teaching method and structure of the HCCII course curriculum. https://jmehm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmehm/article/view/641 https://jmehm.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmehm/article/download/641/329