Articles

Donated materials in assisted reproductive technologies: an ethico- legal analysis of art legislations worldwide

Abstract

This paper provides an appraisal of countries that have legislations pertaining to assisted reproductive technologies (ART).  In doing so, the paper highlights the emphasis on the protection of reproductive freedom of the couples seeking ART treatment. This belief is grounded primarily on the basic notion of liberalism that attaches primary importance to respect for individual freedom, which is the foundation of the notion of reproductive rights as understood by western standards today. The main aim of the appraisal is to see how these legislations address the drastic changes in familial relationships when ART involves the use of donated materials.

Guiseppe B, Luca G. Regulating in vitro fertilization – the risks of over-regulation: Italy. In: Brinsden PR. Textbook of In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction: The Bourn Hall Guide to Clinical and Laboratory Practice. London: Taylor & Francis; 2005.

Derek M, Linda N. Law, technology, reproduction and European ethics. In: Wheeler S, McVeigh S. Law, Health and Medical Regulation. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Co.; 1992, p. 54.

Dolgin JL. Defining the Family: Law, Technology, and Reproduction in an Uneasy Age. New York: New York University Press; 1997.

Eekelaar J. Family Law and Social Policy. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; 1994, p. 5.

Bernard MD. Reproductive technology and the new family. In: Sutherland E, McCall Smith A. Family Rights: Family Law and Medical Advance. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1990.

Barton C, Dougas G. Law and Parenthood. London: Butterworths; 1995, p. 3, 24-48.

Lowe N, Douglas G. Bromley’s Family Law, 9th ed. London: Butterworths; 1998, p. 261.

Anonymous. Ethical guidelines on the use of assisted reproductive technology in clinical practice and research. Australian Government, National Health and Medical Research Council. http://www.dh.sa.gov.au/reproductive- technology/other.asp (accessed in 2006).

Lee RG, Morgan D. Human Fertilisation and Embryology. Regulating the Reproductive Revolution. London: Blackstone Press Ltd; 2001, p. 265, 289.

Anonymous. Health Canada, “A Chronology of the Assisted Human Reproduction Act.” http://www.hc-gc.ca/hl- vs/reprod/hc-sc/general/chronolgy_e.html (accessed in 2006).

Anonymous. Assisted Human Reproduction Act, (2004) c.2. http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/a-13.4/218740.html (accessed in 2006).

Burrell R. Assisted Reproduction in the Nordic Countries. A Comparative study of policies and regulation. Nordic Committee on Bioethics. http://www.ncbio.org (accessed in 2006).

Anonymous. Law on Data Concerning Artificial Fertilization Donors, 25 April 2002, (Stb. 240), World Health Organisation, International Health Law Digest. http://www.who.ihld/.netherlands.html (accessed in 2006).

Anonymous. The Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act, 2004, (Act No. 92 of 2004), World Health Organization, International Health Law Digest. http://www.who.ihld.newzealand.html (accessed in 2006).

Gunning J, English V. Human In Vitro Fertilization. A Case Study in the Regulation of Medical Innovation. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Co.; 1993, p. 162.

Anonymous. South Africa Law Commission, “Report on the Review of the Child Care Act,” December 2002. http://law.wits.ac.za/salc.html (accessed in 2006).

Anonymous. Regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technologies, November 1988. www.flsenate.gov/Publications/2010/Senate/reports/.../2010-122ju.pdf (accessed on 2010)

Anonymous. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, 2008. on http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Legislation/Actsandbills/DH_080211 (accessed in 2010)

Anonymous. Human Reproductive Technology Ordinance (Cap 561) of 2002, Bilingual Laws Information System. http://www.legislation.gov.hk/BLIS_export.nsf/findEngLawb?OpenAgent (accessed in 2006)

Fasouliotis SJ, Schenker JG. Social aspects in assisted reproduction. Human Reprod Update 1999; 5(1): 26-39.

Erwin B. The interaction of rationality and freedom of conscience in legislation on controversial bioethical issues. In: Evans D, Pickering N. Creating the Child: The Ethics, Law and Practice of Assisted Procreation. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1996.

Bernat E, Varnes E. The Austrian act on procreative medicine: scope, impacts and inconsistencies. In: Evans D, Pickering N. Creating the Child: The Ethics, Law, and Practice of Assisted Procreation, Neil Pickering. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1996, p. 283, 325.

Augst C. Regulating dangerous futures: the German Embryo Protection Act of 1990 – legislation in risk society. Soc Leg Stud 2000; 9(2): 205-26.

Deutsch E. Assisted procreation in German law. In: Evans D, Pickering N. Creating the Child: The Ethics, Law, and Practice of Assisted Procreation, Neil Pickering. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1996, p. 333.

Brown E. The dilemmas of German bioethics. J Technol Soc 2004; 5: 37-53.

Anonymous. The Act for the Protection of Embryos (The Embryo Protection Act) 1990. www.bmj.bund.de/files/-/1147/ESchG%20englisch.pdf (accessed in 2010).

Fineschi M, Neri M, Turillazzi E. The new Italian law on assisted reproduction technology (Law 40/2004). J Med Ethics 2005; 31(9): 536-9.

Turone F. Italy to pass new law on assisted reproduction. BMJ 2004; 328(7430): 9.

Blank RH. Regulating Reproduction. New York: Columbia University Press; 1990, p. 9.

Roberts M. A right to know for children by donation – any assistance from down under? Child Fam Law Q 2000; 12(4): 371.

Jean-Marie T. The rights of children to information following assisted conception. In: Evans D, Pickering N. Creating the Child: The Ethics, Law and Practice of Assisted Procreation. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1996.

Henry WT. Gays, lesbians and the meaning of family: defining marriage and the family. William & Mary Bill Rights J 1994; 3: 327-9.

Files
IssueVol 3 (2010) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Reproductive techniques, Assisted, Plant gametes, Embryo, Ethics.

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Zawawi M. Donated materials in assisted reproductive technologies: an ethico- legal analysis of art legislations worldwide. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2010;3.